Faktori koji utiču na nastanak smrzotina - desetogodišnja retrospektivna studija

Abstract

Uvod/Cilj Smrzotine su povrede nastale smrzavanjem intraćelijske i ekstraćelijske tečnosti koje dovodi do tromboze i ishemijske nekroze. Iako se lični, socioekonomski faktori, kao i faktori sredine smatraju važnim determinantama ljudskog zdravlja generalno, njihov uticaj na smrzotine u velikoj meri je još uvek nepoznat. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita uticaj ovih faktora na nastanak smrzotina u Beogradu (Srbija). Metode U ovoj studiji je učestvovalo ukupno 24 bolesnika hospitalizovana i lečena na Klinici za opekotine, plastičnu i rekonstruktivnu hirurgiju Kliničkog centra Srbije, u periodu između 2008. i 2017. godine. Rezultati Većina bolesnika (88%) bili su muškarci, 58% bolesnika bili su dugogodišnji alkoholičari, 46% bolesnika bili su dugogodišnji pušači i jedan bolesnik je bio zavisnik od droge. Četrnaest (58%) bolesnika nije imalo prihode i zavisilo je od podrške države, 10 (42%) bolesnika su bili fizički ili poljoprivredni radnici i tri (13%) bolesnika su bila beskućnici. Od 24 ispitivana bolesnika duboke smrzotine je imalo 18 (75%) njih, od kojih je 17 (70,8%) operisano. Najveći broj bolesnika (42%) zadobio je smrzotine kada je temperatura vazduha bila između -5°C i 0°C. Zaključak Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazali su da individualni faktori, socijalni faktori, kao i faktori sredine predstavljaju važne determinante kod nastanka smrzotina. Naši rezultati doprineće postojećim dokazima o faktorima rizika koji se odnose na smrzotine i omogućiće poređenja u zemljama u kojima su ovi faktori ispitivani.

Introduction/Objective Frostbite is a cold-induced injury of the tissue caused by the freezing of intraand extracellular water, and characterized by thrombosis and ischemic necrosis. Although individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors are all considered fundamental determinants of human health in general, their role in the occurrence of frostbite remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations among these factors and frostbite for patients in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods We investigated a total of 24 patients that were hospitalized and treated for frostbites at the Clinic for Burns, Plastic, and Reconstructive surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 2008-2017. Results The majority (88%) of the patients were male, 58% were long-term alcohol consumers, 46% were long-term smokers, and one patient was drug addict. Of the patients, 14 (58%) had no income and depended on government support, 10 (42%) were employed in physical labor or work on the field, and three (13%) of the patients were homeless. Of the 24 frostbite patients identified, deep frostbite accounted for 18 (75%), of whom 17 (70.8%) had an operative outcome. A majority of patients (42%) sustained frostbite when the temperature was in the range of -5-0°C on the date of occurrence. Conclusion The results of our study showed that individual, social, and environmental factors were important determinants of frostbite. Our results will contribute to existing evidence for risk factors related to frostbite and will allow for comparisons across countries where these factors have been examined.