Tehnološki razvoj i univerzalni osnovni prihod - od utopije do realnosti

Abstract

U ovom radu se analizira ideja univerzalnog osnovnog prihoda, pod kojim se podrazumeva periodična novčana isplata koju, bez ikakvih prethodnih uslova, dobijaju svi članovi društva. Većina ranijih gledišta je u sebi nosila mnogo utopijskih elemenata. Stoga je osnovni cilj ovog rada da ukaže na realnost ove ideje i da odgovori na pitanje da li je to samo još jedna u nizu utopija ili danas postoje realne osnove za njenu realizaciju. Savremeni tehnološki razvoj otvara prostor za uvećavanje proizvodnje, isključivanjem živog rada iz nje i podizanjem profita organizatora proizvodnje, a sve više radnika ima povremene periode nezaposlenosti u svom radnom veku. Sve ovo čini ideju univerzalnog obaveznog prihoda aktuelnom. U tekstu se obrazlaže stav da tehnološki razvoj, mehanizmima preraspodele profita, otvara prostor da ova ideja preraste utopijski karakter i postane realnost. Prethodni uslov je da se višak bogatstva koji odlazi organizatorima proizvodnje preusmeri ostatku stanovništva.

This paper analyzes the idea of universal basic income, which implies a periodic monetary payment received by all members of the society, with no prerequisites. Most former viewpoints contained numerous utopian elements. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to point to the reality of this idea and answer the question whether it is yet another in a series of utopias, or there are actual foundations for its realization today. Modern technological development opens the space for increasing production by excluding human labour from it and by increasing profits of production organizers, whereas an increasing number of workers face temporary periods of unemployment during their working lives. All of the above make the idea of universal mandatory income up-to-date. The text explains the attitude that technological development, through mechanisms of profit redistribution, opens the space for this idea to overgrow its utopian character and become reality. The prerequisite is that the surplus of wealth that goes to production organizers should be redirected to the rest of the population.