Upravljanje životnim ciklusom proizvoda (LCM) - koncept

Abstract

'Neophodne su korenite promene uobičajenog šablona proizvodnje i potrošnje' ovaj stav je istaknut na Svetskom samitu o održivom razvoju (World Summit on Sustainable Development - WSSD) u Johanesburgu 2002. godine. Zaključeno je da se samo sistematskim upravljanjem životnim ciklusom materijala i proizvoda (LCM), može ubrzati pomak ka održivoj proizvodnji i potrošnji. Upravljanje životnim ciklusom definisano je kao primena pristupa u smislu životnog ciklusa u savremenoj poslovnoj praksi. Upravljanje proizvodom na osnovu analize životnog ciklusa je metoda razvijena za potrebe kompanija koje su usvojile strategiju održivog poslovnog razvoja koji je ujedno i izvodljiv. LCM treba da se odnosi na sve tri dimenzije održivosti: planeta, ljudi i profit. LCM je nova disciplina u kojoj značenje i definicija pojmova još uvek nisu standardizovani i čije su procedure i metodologije još uvek otvorene za diskusiju. Da bi bili upotrebljivi za rukovodioce, neophodno je podacima dobijenim analizom ocene životnog ciklusa dodati i informacije o ekonomskom aspektu, političkim opcijama. Uvođenje sistema upravljanja životnim ciklusom - LCM, je dinamičan proces koji počinje definisanjem svega nekoliko zahteva koje je kasnije moguće proširiti. Ovaj tekst iznosi osnovne informacije o LCM-u i mogućnosti korporativne implementacije.

'Fundamental changes in consumption and production patterns are needed', this is what was highlighted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002. Many discussions confirm that more systematic management of product and material life cycle, i.e. life-cycle management (LCM), can accelerate the shift towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production. Life cycle management has been defined as the application of life cycle thinking in modern business practice. Life cycle based product management approaches have been developed for companies, which have adopted a strategy to develop towards a sustainable business by incorporating product stewardship and 'take back' systems and by producing or trading products, which should be as sustainable as feasible. LCM has to address all three dimensions of sustainability: planet, people and profit. LCM is a new discipline where the meanings and definitions of terms are not yet standardized, and where procedures and methodologies are still open for discussion. To be useful to managers, scientific data from LCA will need to be accompanied by information on economic aspects and policy options. LCM is of course voluntary to implement, not standardized and can be seen as an internal management system offered to business. Introduction of LCM in a company will often be a dynamic process starting with a few issues and adding on issues during time and appearing needs. This paper provides basic information regarding LCM and it's corporate implementation.