Partnerstvo javnog i privatnog kapitala u finansiranju infrastrukturnih projekata

Abstract

Rast potreba za infrastrukturom u poslednjim decenijama uslovio je potrebu da deo infrastrukturnih projekata bude finansiran iz privatnih izvora. Motivi učešća privatnog kapitala u finansiranju projekata mogu biti značajno drugačiji od javnog finansiranja i realizacije projekata, te je od izuzetnog značaja jasno definisati smer i magnitudu saradnje javnog i privatnog sektora u planiranju, konstrukciji, finansiranju i upravljanju infrastrukturnim sistemima. Međutim, država putem svojih institucija i organizacija igra ključnu ulogu u upravljanju i razvoju koncesijama i javno-privatnim partnerstvima, nezavisno od stepena delegiranih ovlašćenja privatnom sektoru. Osnovni razlog je, svakako, visoka društveno-ekonomska vrednost infrastrukturnih projekata. Shodno tome, kod finansiranja infrastrukturnih projekata i javnim i privatnim sredstvima treba unapred odrediti i precizirati odgovornosti i obaveze svih učesnika u projektu, a posebno odgovornosti i obaveze u vezi sa sigurnošću, kvalitetom i visinom korisničke provizije. U ovom radu biće predstavljeni osnovni modeli za saradnju javnog i privatnog sektora u finansiranju i realizaciji projekata infrastrukture, kao i organizacione forme javno-privatnog partnerstva (PPP). .

Growing needs for infrastructure in the last few decades have urged partial financing of infrastructural projects from private sources. Since the motives of private capital participation in project financing could be vastly different from public ones, it is of crucial importance to define clearly the direction and magnitude of cooperation of private and public sector in planning, construction, financing and managing of infrastructural systems. However, the State plays key role in managing and developing concessions and public-private partnerships through its institutions and organizations regardless the range of authorization delegated to private sector. Main reason is definitely high socio-economic value of infrastructural projects. Thus, when financing infrastructural projects with both public and private sources it is necessary to determine and precise in advance the responsibilities and obligations of all project participants, particularly those responsibilities and obligations linked to security, quality and magnitude of user fees. In this paper, we present basic models of public and private sector cooperation in the financing and realization of infrastructural projects as well as organizational forms of public-private partnership (PPP). .