Sistem za evaluaciju finansijskih performansi kompanije zasnovan na logičkom pristupu

Abstract

Prilikom ocenjivanja poslovnih performansi kompanije jedna od najkritičnijih aspekata koje je potrebno sagledati je finansijski aspekt. Za finansijsku evaluaciju koristi se veliki broj pokazatelja i različitih indeksa performansi koji služe kao osnova za razvoj sistema za ocenu uspešnosti kompanija. Tako se problem finansijske evaluacije svodi na problem višekriterijumskog odlučivanja gde se ukupna ocena može dobiti primenom različitih agregacionih metoda (npr. težinska suma, OWA, itd.). Tradicionalne, za razliku od metoda zasnovanih na logici, nisu u mogućnosti da modeluju složene veze koje mogu postojati u problemima gde ljudski faktor ima posebnu važnost. Korišćenjem logičkih izraza moguće je matematički opisati preferencije, zahteve i iskustvo donosioca odluke koje su izražene lingvističkim izrazima bliskim ljudskoj logici. Kada je reč o finansijskim podacima moguće je uočiti pored statističkih i logičke zavisnosti, pa se zbog toga logički pristupi smatraju adekvatnim za rešavanje ovih problema. U ovom radu, predložen je sistem za evaluaciju finansijskih performansi kompanije sa odgovarajućom softverskom podrškom. U osnovi ovog sistema nalazi se metoda logičke agregacija zasnovana na interpolativnoj Bulovoj algebri. U radu su predstavljeni i rezultati primene predloženog pristupa za analizirane kompanije.

In corporate performance evaluation one of the most critical issues that needs to be considered is the financial aspect of a company. For the purpose of financial evaluation various indicators and performance measures are applied and they can serve as a basis for development of different evaluation systems. Thus, the problem of financial evaluation is regarded as a multi criteria decision making problem where total assessment is obtained by means of different aggregation methods (e.g. weighted sum, OWA, etc.). Traditional methods, contrary to logic-based approach, are not able to account for complex dependences that may occur in the problems where human factor is included. Using logical expressions it is possible to mathematically model decision maker's preferences, demands and experience which are described by linguistic expressions close to human reasoning. When it comes to financial data, both statistical and logical dependences can be recognized. Therefore, logic-based approach may be appropriate for solving financial problems. In this paper, a system for evaluation of corporate financial performance and its software support are proposed. The central part of the system refers to the method of logical aggregation based on interpolative Boolean algebra. The results of the companies analyzed in the paper are also presented.