Upravljanje softverskim projektima

Abstract

Ovaj rad daje pregled strategija, modela i tehnika upravljanja softverskim projektima. Jedan od najvažnijih faktora uspeha ili neuspeha nekog softverskog projekta je način na koji je projekat organizovan, kao i način na koji se njime rukovodi. Da bi se rad grupe ljudi na nekom softverskom projektu uspešno organizovao, poželjno je poznavati neke opšte principe i mehanizme organizacije i koordinacija, kao i smernice za formiranje projektnih i razvojnih timova i izbor njihovih rukovodilaca. Pored toga, neophodno je imati u vidu modele procesa razvoja softvera koji se danas koriste u svetu, kako bi se usvajanjem nekog od njih u upravljanju softverskim projektom unela sistematičnost u rad. Po svakom od tih modela, proces razvoja softvera izvodi se kroz niz manjih faza, koje se lakše mogu kontrolisati, a pružaju i mehanizam za procenu, poređenje i poboljšanje efikasnosti razvoja softvera. Neki takvi modeli definišu i konkretne tehnike razvoja, sugerišu razvojne alate, način obučavanja krajnjeg korisnika, kao i globalno planiranje projekta. Konačno, pored svih takvih neophodnih strategijskih znanja i iskustva, praksa softverskog inženjerstva i proces razvoja softvera u svakodnevnom radu jedne softverske kompanije zahtevaju niz taktičkih upravljačkih tehnika, snalaženja, intervencija, donošenja odluka i rešavanja operativnih problema. Na primerima nekih uspešnih svetskih softverskih kuća prikazano je kako se složeni zadaci upravljanja softverskim projektima danas realizuju u praksi.

The paper surveys strategies, models and techniques of project management in software industry. An important factor of success or failure of a software project is the way it is organized and managed. In order to successfully organize the work of a group of people during the evolution of a software product. It is desirable to have knowledge of some general principles and mechanisms of organization and coordination, as well as to establish some guidelines for creating project and development teams and select team leaders. Moreover, it is also necessary to have insight into models of software development, which are used in software industry world-wide. Adopting such a model in managing a software project, the project activities are conducted more systematically. Every such a model breaks the software development process into a series of smaller stages, which are much easier to control and also make it possible to estimate, compare and improve the efficiency of software development. Certain models also define specific development techniques suggest development tools to be used, recommend approach to end-user training, and give guidelines for global project planning. Finally, along with such necessary strategic knowledge and skills, software engineering practice and daily activities in the process of software development in a software company require applying a number of tactical management techniques, decision making rules, and operational problem solving. By examples from the experiences of successful software companies, the paper shows how the complete task of software project management is approached in practice.