Roles, Responsibilities, and Value Flows: A Stakeholder Map of Micro-Credential Processes in Higher Education Ecosystem

Abstract

Micro-credentials are transforming how learning achievements are recognized across formal and non-formal education. This paper maps the stakeholder landscape of micro-credential processes, clarifying roles, responsibilities, and value flows among participants. Drawing on stakeholder theory and ecosystem mapping, five core roles are identified:earner, course provider, issuer, verifier/viewer,andpolicy maker;and analyzed across four process groups:learning and earning, issuance, verification and recognition,andmaintenance.The paper contributes by systematizing stakeholders and their interrelations, offering a structuredview of value exchanges that supports the design of interoperable, transparent, and trustworthy micro-credential ecosystems in higher education.