SWOT analiza - analitička metoda u procesu planiranja i njena primena u razvoju ortopedskog bolničkog odeljenja

Abstract

Uvod. SWOT analiza je menadžerski instrument za analiziranje unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg okruženja kroz snage i slabosti, mogućnosti i pretnje. Cilj rada. Cilj rada je bio da se prikaže primena SWOT analize u Službi za dečju ortopediju i traumatologiju Instituta za ortopedsko- hirurške bolesti 'Banjica' u Beogradu. Metode rada. Kvalitativno istraživanje je urađeno u decembru 2008. godine primenom tzv. fokusgrupa čiji su učesnici bili zaposleni zdravstveni radnici i bolesnici ove službe. Proces rada u fokus-grupi odvijao se u dve faze. U prvoj fazi je primenjena tehnika za prikupljanje ideja, 'vrtlog ideja' o faktorima unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg okruženja, odnosno prepoznate su snage i slabosti, mogućnosti i pretnje Službe. U drugoj fazi je primenjena nominalna grupna tehnika i smanjena je lista faktora, koji su, prema svom uticaju na Službu, procenjivani na trostepenoj Likertovoj (Likert) skali, od faktora sa najvećim (rang 3) do faktora s najmanjim uticajem (rang 1). Rezultati. Najveću snagu Službe čine: stručan i iskusan kadar, visokokvalitetne usluge, prosečna zauzetost postelja, činjenica da je Služba nastavna baza, zadovoljni korisnici, prijatan ambijent i dopunski rad. Slabosti su: prostorna organizacija, nemotivisanost kadra za stalno usavršavanje, nedostatak pojedinih profila zaposlenih, neadekvatan sanitarni čvor, nemogućnost pružanja usluga koje ne pokriva Fond osiguranja, duga prosečna dužina bolničkog lečenja i nizak materijalni status većeg dela korisnika. Mogućnosti su: zakonska regulativa, formiranje pedijatrijske traumatološke službe u Beogradu, dobra regionalna pozicija Instituta i nova tržišta. Pretnje su: izostanak autonomije Službe u kadrovskoj politici i kadrovska politika Instituta, organizacija Instituta po službama i odeljenjima, konkurencija unutar Instituta, nemogućnost povećanja kapaciteta odeljenja, ishrana neprilagođena bolesnicima, male mogućnosti za stručno usavršavanje zaposlenih, zastarelost opreme Instituta i neformalni oblici plaćanja. Zaključak. SWOT analiza je jedan od veoma često primenjivanih menadžerskih instrumenata koji omogućava sistemski pristup koji podržava donošenje odluka.

Introduction. SWOT analysis is a managerial tool used to evaluate internal and external environment through strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Objective. The aim was to demonstrate the application of the SWOT analysis on the example of the Department for Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology at the Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery 'Banjica' in Belgrade. Methods. Qualitative research was conducted during December 2008 at the Department for Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery 'Banjica' by applying the focus group technique. Participants were members of the medical staff and patients. In the first phase of the focus group brainstorming was applied to collect the factors of internal and external environment, and to identify strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, respectively. In the second phase the nominal group technique was applied in order to reduce the list of factors. The factors were assessed according to their influence on the Department. Factors ranked by the three point Likert scale from 3 (highest impact) to 1 (lowest impact). Results. The most important strengths of the Department are competent and skilled staff, high quality of services, average hospital bed utilization, the Department providing the educational basis of the School of Medicine, satisfied patients, pleasant setting, and additional working hours. The weaknesses are: poor spatial organization, personnel unmotivated to refresh knowledge, lack of specifically trained personnel, inadequate sanitary facilities, and uncovered services by the Insurance Fund, long average hospital stay, and low economic status of patients. The opportunities are: legislative regulations, formed paediatric traumatology service at the City level, good regional position of the Institute, and extension of referral areas. The threats are: absent Department autonomy in the personnel policy of the Institute, competitions within the Institute, impossibility to increase the Department capacities, inadequate nutrition, low opportunities for expert training of the personnel, outdated equipment, and presence of informal payments. Conclusion. SWOT analysis is a frequently used managerial instrument, which enables the systematic approach in decision making process.