Mogućnosti primene cost-benefit analize projekata u sistemu odbrane Republike SR

Abstract

Projekti u javnom sektoru, pored efekata kojima se ostvaruju postavljeni ciljevi, stvaraju niz indirektnih, mrežnih i nemerljivih efekata, koji se često imaju veliki značaj prilikom ocene projekta. To se posebno može reći za projekte u sistemu odbrane s obzirom na to da su najčešći efekti pokretanja novih inicijativa: reforma oružanih snaga, odnosno redefinisanje svrhe i zadataka svih njihovih komponenata, različiti oblici međunarodne bezbednosne saradnje i integracije, uvođenje finansijskog upravljanja i kontrole u sistem odbrane, itd. Ovakvi projekti, pored direktnih i materijalnih efekata ostvaruju niz indirektnih i nematerijalnih efekata, kao što su povećan nivo sigurnosti, mogućnost potpisivanja međunarodnih sporazuma, jačanje kapaciteta bezbednosti, sprečavanje nastanka štete i gubitaka i sl. Upravo zbog ovih efekata i koristi koje donose za celo društvo, projekti u sistemu odbrane smatraju se opravdanim i isplativim. Pored toga, ovi efekti su mnogo širi u odnosu na organizaciju u kojoj se sprovode. U radu se prikazuju principi i način primene Cost-Benefit analize, kao potvrđenog načina za sagledavanje svih troškova i koristi koje određeni projekat može imati sa aspekta šire društvene zajednice. Cost-Benefit analiza, pored analize direktnih i materijalnih troškova i koristi, omogućava i utvrđivanje indirektnih troškova i koristi i njihovo uključivanje u ekonomsku ocenu projekta, s obzirom na to da oni mogu predstavljati značajne efekte projekta, gde se samo sa njihovom pravilnom identifikacijom i procenom može dobiti realna ocena projekta. U radu je ukazano je na tipične projekte u sistemu odbrane Republike Srbije i mogućnosti primene ove analize pri njihovoj pripremi i oceni.

Projects in the public sector produce, apart from the effects by which the set objectives are achieved, a range of indirect, network and non-measurable effects, which are often of great importance for the project evaluation. This especially applies to the projects in the defense system considering that the most frequent effects of launching the new initiatives are: armed forces reform, i.e. redefinition of the purpose and tasks of all of their components; different forms of international security co-operation and integration; introduction of financial management and control in the defense system, etc. These projects produce, apart from direct and material effects, also a range of indirect and non-material effects, such as increased safety level; possibility of signing the international agreements; security capacities strengthening; prevention of damage and losses, etc. It is exactly due to these effects and benefits brought to the entire society that the projects in the defense system are considered justified and worthwhile. Additionally, these effects are much broader than the organization in which they are implemented. The paper presents the principles and the manner of application of the cost-benefit analysis, as a confirmed way of looking at all costs and benefits that a specific project may involve as regards the wider social community. In addition to the analysis of direct and material costs and benefits, the cost-benefit analysis makes it possible to determine indirect costs and benefits and to include those into the economic price of the project, considering that they may represent important effects of the project, where only with their correct identification and estimate, a realistic evaluation of the project may be obtained. The paper points to typical projects in the defense system of the Republic of Serbia and the range of applications of this analysis in their preparation and evaluation.